Fundamental Analysis - evaluates the economic and financial factors that affect the intrinsic value of a company, studies the causes of market movements
Intrinsic Value - the actual and true value of the company based on all aspects of its businesses
Overvalued - when the current price of the stock is not justified by its company earnings
Undervalued - when the current price of the stock is below its intrinsic value or industry P/E ratio average
Income Statement - provides an overview of revenues, expenses and net income
Balance Sheet - provides an overview of assets, liabilities and equity
Statement of Cash Flows - traces the company's cash movement from operating, investing and financial activities
Financial Ratios - ratios derived from the financial statements of the companies which are used for evaluating the overall condition of its company performance
Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) - measures the current price of a stock over its company earnings per share, the lower the better
Earnings per Share (EPS) - company earnings for the year divided by the number of shares
Leverage - borrowing capital through loans and using it to fund company activities
Debt Ratio - the ratio of total debt to total assets of the company, the lower the better
Debt to Equity Ratio/Leverage Ratio - the ratio of a company's debts to the value of its equity (preferred and common stocks)
Dividend Payout Ratio - the ratio of dividends paid in relation to company's net income
Dividend Yield - the percentage of dividends declared in relation to the stock's current price
Par Value per Share - the price of the stock during its Initial Public Offering (IPO)
Book Value per Share - the value of the stock in the company's books, total equity divided by number of shares
Price to Book Value Ratio - the ratio used to compare company's current price and its book value, the lower the better
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